ABSTRACT
Amongst other botanical sources, Annona muricata L., Annonaceae, seeds and Piper nigrum L., Piperaceae, fruits are particularly enriched with acetogenins and piperine-related amides, respectively. These crude ethanolic extracts are potent Aedes aegypti bioactives that can kill Aedes aegypti larvae (dengue fever mosquito). A. muricata displayed a 93.48 µg/mL LC50 and P. nigrum an 1.84 µg/mL LC50. An uncommon pharmacognostical/toxicological approach was used, namely different combinations of both extracts to achieve an improved lethal effect on the larvae. The independence test (χ²) was utilized to evaluate the combination of the two crude extracts. All of the tested combinations behaved synergistically and these novel results were attributed to the completely different biochemical mechanisms of the differentiated chemical substances that were present in the two botanical sources. Besides the two above selected plants, Melia azedarach L., Meliaceae, Origanum vulgare L., Lamiaceae, and Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae, in order of decreasing toxicity, may also be sought as potential extracts for the sake of synergic combinations.
ABSTRACT
Mostra alguns aspectos sobre a ecologia de 11 espécies de Culicidae que procriam em recipientes, em uma área urbana ao Sul do Brasil. Os mais variados tipos de recipientes foram listados como eficientes criadouros para larvas de culicíceos. Aedes aegypti apareceu como espécie recém-introduzida e limitada somente a duas áreas da cidade. As espécies predominantes foram: Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex coronator, Aedes aegypti, Aedes fluviatilis e Limatus durhamii